The traditional architecture of Web2 apps can be broken down into three main components: the frontend, the backend, and the database.

• Frontend: This is the user interface that directly interacts with the user, making it easy to send commands to the backend.

• Backend: The server-side component of the app, which typically does not interact directly with users. It handles requests from the frontend, managing logic processing, database interactions, and the implementation of business rules.

• Database: This stores all necessary application data, such as user information and transaction records.

The architecture of Web3 Dapps, however, differs from that of Web2 Apps in key areas:

• In Web3 Dapps, the backend consists of smart contracts deployed on the blockchain.

• The database for Web3 Dapps is the blockchain itself, containing raw transaction data.

As a result, Web3 developers must frequently interact with the blockchain, using smart contracts to modify the state of the blockchain ledger. Since interacting with blockchain data can be slow and involves handling asset transactions, ensuring fast, efficient, and secure interactions with blockchain data is a critical concern for both Web3 developers and users.

Data management and utilization have become central challenges in the evolution of blockchain technology. Chainbase addresses these challenges with its innovative four-layer architecture, which offers a comprehensive solution for efficient data processing and intelligent applications.

The architecture can be better understood by tracing the flow of data, summarized by three key questions: What are the origins of the data? What are the data flow processes? What are the receiving parties of the data?

Data Accessibility Layer: This is the gateway for on-chain and off-chain data, addressing the question of where the data originates.

• Consensus Layer: Built on the CometBFT consensus engine, it ensures the fast and secure synchronization of data across all network nodes.

• Execution Layer: This layer handles large-scale data processing and the execution of Manuscripts' data conversion logic, addressing the question of data flow process.

• Co-processor Layer: A modular and customizable component, built through user collaboration, answering the question of the receiving parties of the data.

Chainbase serves as a comprehensive platform for full-chain data, offering access to both "on-chain data" and "off-chain data," opening the door to all useful data.

• Data Collection: Data providers collect on-chain and off-chain data, then submit zero-knowledge proof data to the CVM (Chainbase Virtual Machine).

• Data Verification and Storage: The CVM verifies the raw data and writes it permanently and immutably into Arweave as a CDC (Change Data Capture) log, while updating the data index in the Manifest.

• Data Processing: Manuscript processes the raw data using the CDC method, extracting high-value information.

• Data Access: The processed data can be stored in a database or local file, with the CVM offering direct data access through SQL/API/Sync.

In blockchain systems, the consensus layer's primary role is to maintain data consistency across all nodes in a decentralized environment, ensuring network security and protecting assets.

In large-scale data processing, the execution layer nodes of the Chainbase data network face the challenge of achieving consensus. The consensus mechanism must balance data consistency with high efficiency and system resilience. Among various consensus algorithms, CometBFT is an ideal choice due to its outstanding performance. CometBFT can tolerate the failure of less than one-third of the system's machines, including any form of failure, such as malicious attacks. Its simple design, high performance, and suitability for various distributed applications make it good. This tolerance threshold, coupled with efficiency and resilience, makes it well-suited to scenarios where consensus must be efficiently reached under heavy data processing loads.

To boost system performance and throughput, the execution layer is designed for parallel processing of both data and tasks. By leveraging its proprietary on-chain database, Chainbase DB (CDB), it optimizes data management and storage efficiency through state storage separation. This optimized on-chain database allows the execution layer to efficiently handle and store large volumes of data, providing a robust foundation for parallel computing.

After addressing processing efficiency, data security becomes the next focus. By integrating Eigenlayer, Chainbase taps into Ethereum's strong economic security features. The inclusion of Eigenlayer not only strengthens the system's decentralization but also enhances its economic security, ensuring a balance between high performance and security within the execution layer.

Chainbase recognized early on that as blockchain technology gains broader adoption, diverse application scenarios will generate vast amounts of varied data. Extracting value from these isolated and diverse data sets presents a significant challenge.

The most effective solution to this challenge is a grassroots approach that mobilizes the community. This strategy simultaneously addresses the needs of both Chainbase and its developers.

• For Chainbase: Engaging users and developers in dataset processing greatly enhances Chainbase's customizability, bolstering its functionality and improving user experience.

• For Developers: Developers can meet their specific data requirements while also converting their contributions into assets, enabling them to profit from their efforts and fully unleash their creativity.

The co-processor layer of the Chainbase network is designed to facilitate user collaboration in contributing data processing expertise and AI-driven insights. Its key functions include:

• Knowledge Contribution: Users can share their expertise in data processing and specialized models with the co-processor layer, collectively enhancing the network's capabilities.

• Knowledge Assetization: The co-processor layer turns these contributions into assets, managing their distribution, circulation, and trading, ensuring that contributors are rewarded for their knowledge and efforts.

• $CBT Token Ecosystem: Centered around the $CBT token, the co-processor layer forms a vital part of the network's incentive structure. It supports payments, settlements, staking, and governance, creating a dynamic and thriving ecosystem.

Chainbase’s four-layer architecture exemplifies its powerful capabilities in data management and application. This architecture enables efficient and secure data transmission within Chainbase, laying a solid foundation for current blockchain applications and offering ample room for future technological innovation and development.